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VotemosCR v2018
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¿Ha cambiado el apoyo de la ciudadanía a la democracia para estas elecciones?

Según los últimos datos disponibles a octubre de 2017, las elecciones de 2018 se desarrollarán en un contexto político más favorable que las anteriores, pues el apoyo ciudadano a la democracia muestra una recuperación en comparación con los bajos niveles de 2012 y 2014.

Una forma de analizar la confianza ciudadana en el sistema político es a través del respaldo a dos de sus pilares fundamentales: la legitimidad y el respeto a las diferencias, mejor conocido como tolerancia.

En este sentido, en sociedades en las cuales la ciudadanía apoya el sistema político y respeta las diferencias se habla de “democracias estables”. Una democracia goza de buena salud si el grupo más grande de la ciudadanía -e, idealmente, mayoritario– fuera el de demócratas tolerantes. Por el contrario, quienes no apoyan el sistema ni toleran los derechos ajenos no son leales a la democracia y estarían en disposición de sustituirla por un sistema autoritario.

De acuerdo con los resultados de la encuesta de octubre de 2017 del CIEP-UCR en la que se utilizaron las preguntas del Barómetro de las Américas, la democracia costarricense mejoró considerablemente sus niveles de estabilidad política. En 2014 el país llegó a su nivel más bajo, con un índice de estabilidad democrática de 29 puntos, en una escala de 0 a 100. Este índice mide la proporción de personas que simultáneamente muestran altos niveles de tolerancia política y alto apoyo a la democracia. En 2015 y 2016 hubo repuntes en este índice, y en 2017 se registró otra mejora que elevó el indicador a 47, por encima del promedio de largo plazo.

Índice de estabilidad democrática en Costa Rica 1978-2017

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